Global scenario
Pineapple exhibits increasing demand world wide, over the years. The global trade is around 50% as fresh fruit, 30% as canned product and 20% as juice concentrate. World trade on fresh pineapple has shown 100 % increase during the last one decade. Even though India is the sixth largest producer of pineapple in the world with a share of about 8% in production, its share in the world market is negligible. The main pineapple producers are Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Costa Rica, China, India and Indonesia. The different Asian countries and the countries around the Indian ocean are importing about two lakh tonnes of pineapple in a year, mostly coming from distant countries. The leading exporters are Costa Rica, Belgium, Cote d’lvoire, Philippines, Ghana, Netherlands, USA and France. Major importers are USA, Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, Japan and UK. MD2 or Dinar pineapple developed through hybridisation by Del Monte scientists in Costa Rica is the most popular variety in the international market because of its colour, flavour, shape, life span and ripeness being superior to other varieties.
National scenario
India ranked sixth with a share of about 8 % of the world production of pineapples. The total area under pineapple cultivation in India is 84000 hectares with a production of about 1341000 t. India exports pineapple mainly to Nepal, Maldives, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Oman, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Zambia, Pakistan and Qatar. ‘Kew’ and ‘Mauritius’ are the two varieties of pineapple grown in India. It is grown in Karnataka, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland. It is also cultivated on limited areas in the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu, Goa and Orissa. Though Assam has the largest area under pineapple West Bengal is the largest producer. Karnataka, West Bengal and Bihar are the three states reporting high productivity. Overall, Indian productivity of 16.00 t/ha poorly compares with the world average of 22.58 t/ha.
Area, production, productivity
The important pineapple growing countries of the world are the Hawaiian Islands, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Brazil, Ghana, Kenya, Mexico, Taiwan, South Africa, Australia, Puerto Rico and India.
In India, it is grown in Karnataka, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland. It is also cultivated on limited areas in the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu, Goa and Orissa. National level area, production and productivity of pineapple are given below.
|
Area, Production and Productivity of Pineapple in India |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year |
Area |
% of Total Fruit Area |
Production |
% of Total Fruit Production |
Productivity |
|
1987-88 |
45.7 |
1.6 |
578.0 |
2.1 |
12.6 |
|
1991-92 |
57.1 |
2.0 |
768.5 |
2.7 |
13.5 |
|
1992-93 |
59.4 |
1.9 |
859.0 |
2.6 |
14.5 |
|
1993-94 |
62.2 |
2.0 |
1006.7 |
2.7 |
16.2 |
|
1994-95 |
66.4 |
1.5 |
1055.2 |
2.7 |
15.9 |
|
1995-96 |
71.2 |
2.1 |
1071.1 |
2.6 |
15.0 |
|
1996-97 |
68.7 |
1.9 |
924.6 |
2.3 |
13.5 |
|
1997-98 |
69.3 |
1.9 |
937.1 |
2.2 |
13.5 |
|
1998-99 |
74.2 |
2.0 |
1006.4 |
2.3 |
13.6 |
|
1999-00 |
75.5 |
1.9 |
1025.4 |
2.2 |
13.6 |
|
2000-01 |
78.1 |
2.0 |
1221.1 |
2.8 |
15.5 |
|
2001-02 |
77.2 |
1.9 |
1182.3 |
2.7 |
15.3 |
|
2002-03 |
79.8 |
2.1 |
1171.7 |
2.6 |
14.7 |
|
2003-04 |
80.9 |
1.7 |
1234.2 |
2.7 |
15.3 |
|
2004-05 |
82.8 |
1.7 |
1278.9 |
2.6 |
15.4 |
|
2005-06 |
82.4 |
1.5 |
1262.6 |
2.3 |
15.3 |
|
2006-07 |
87.0 |
1.6 |
1362.0 |
2.3 |
15.7 |
|
2007-08 |
80.0 |
1.4 |
1245.0 |
1.9 |
15.6 |
|
2008-09 |
84.0 |
1.4 |
1341.0 |
2.0 |
16.0 |
|
2009-10 |
91.9 |
1.5 |
1386.8 |
1.9 |
15.1 |
|
2010-11 |
89.0 |
1.4 |
1415.0 |
1.9 |
15.9 |
India ranked sixth with a share of about 8 % of the world production of pineapples. The total area under pineapple cultivation in India was 89000 hectares with a production of about 1415000 t and productivity 15.9 t/ha during 2010-11. India exports pineapple mainly to Nepal, Maldives, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Oman, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Zambia, Pakistan and Qatar. ‘Kew’ and ‘Mauritius’ are the two varieties of pineapple grown in India. It is grown in Karnataka, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland. It is also cultivated on limited areas in the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu, Goa and Orissa. Though Assam has the largest area under pineapple West Bengal is the largest producer. Karnataka, West Bengal and Bihar are the three states reporting high productivity. Overall, Indian productivity of 15.9 t/ha poorly compares with the world average of 22.58 t/ha.
The statewise area, production and productivity of pineapple in India are presented below. In Kerala, total area under pineapple cultivation is 10200 hectares with a production of about 85500 t and productivity 8.4 t/ha during 2010-11. The major pineapple producing district of Kerala, Ernakulam accounts for more than 60% of the area under pineapple cultivation. In Ernakulam district pineapple cultivation is more concentrated in certain areas of Vazhakulam.
|
State-wise Area of Pineapple in India |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
States/UTs |
87-88 |
91-92 |
96-97 |
97-98 |
98-99 |
99-00 |
00-01 |
01-02 |
02-03 |
03-04 |
04-05 |
05-06 |
06-07 |
07-08 |
08-09 |
09-10 |
10-11 |
|
West Bengal |
9.6 |
8.9 |
9.1 |
9.2 |
9.6 |
10.3 |
10.4 |
11.5 |
11.8 |
11.7 |
12.9 |
13.4 |
13.4 |
9.5 |
9.6 |
9.6 |
9.9 |
|
Assam |
4.9 |
12.1 |
14 |
14.1 |
13.6 |
13.8 |
14 |
14.1 |
13.9 |
14.2 |
12.8 |
14.6 |
12.4 |
12.7 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
14.0 |
|
Karnataka |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.144 |
10.6 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
Tripura |
- |
# |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3.7 |
3.7 |
4.1 |
5 |
5.2 |
6.2 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
6.8 |
6.8 |
|
Bihar |
2.1 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
3.9 |
4 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
|
Manipur |
6.6 |
6.5 |
9.5 |
9.4 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10.3 |
10.6 |
10.6 |
10.6 |
2.6 |
12 |
8.5 |
8.6 |
12.1 |
12.2 |
|
Meghalaya |
7.9 |
8.5 |
9 |
9.3 |
9.3 |
9.4 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
9.4 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
9.6 |
9.6 |
10.8 |
10.8 |
9.7 |
|
Kerala |
- |
4.7 |
5 |
5 |
8.6 |
9 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
11.2 |
11.5 |
12.7 |
12.8 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
9.8 |
10.2 |
|
Nagaland |
- |
1 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
- |
- |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
|
Arunachal Pradesh |
1.1 |
3.4 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
7.3 |
7.3 |
# |
7.7 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
9.3 |
9.3 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
|
Goa |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
0.3 |
- |
|
Orissa |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.7 |
0.7 |
- |
|
Mizoram |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
0.4 |
- |
|
Tamil Nadu |
- |
# |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
# |
1.24 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
- |
|
Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.2 |
0.2 |
- |
|
Others |
13.5 |
9.4 |
9.5 |
9.5 |
10.3 |
9.3 |
10.9 |
9.8 |
2 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2 |
3.7 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
3.5 |
|
India |
45.7 |
57.1 |
68.7 |
69.3 |
74.2 |
75.5 |
78.2 |
77.2 |
79.8 |
80.9 |
82.8 |
85.4 |
82.6 |
80.0 |
83.7 |
91.9 |
88.7 |
Note : # : Included in Others. Source : National Horticulture Board. (p.54) & Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 6238, dated 04.05.2010. & Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India. (p.255)
|
State-wise Production of Pineapple in India |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
States |
87-88 |
91-92 |
96-97 |
97-98 |
98-99 |
99-00 |
00-01 |
01-02 |
02-03 |
03-04 |
04-05 |
05-06 |
06-07 |
07-08 |
08-09 |
09-10 |
10-11 |
|
West Bengal |
177.4 |
210.8 |
236.6 |
246.8 |
283.9 |
280.2 |
279.5 |
322 |
340.7 |
320.6 |
349.8 |
379.2 |
372.1 |
283.2 |
283.9 |
293.8 |
303.7 |
|
Assam |
48.9 |
177.6 |
207.8 |
217.3 |
209 |
207.8 |
216.1 |
220 |
212.6 |
220.7 |
198.6 |
241 |
191.9 |
195.7 |
225.1 |
223.0 |
220.7 |
|
Karnataka |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
81.2 |
86.5 |
118.2 |
129.4 |
88.6 |
190.5 |
177.4 |
186.3 |
177.2 |
186.1 |
|
Tripura |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
82.7 |
82.6 |
93.5 |
105.1 |
106.4 |
115.8 |
116.9 |
101.2 |
117.5 |
153.3 |
|
Bihar |
31.2 |
39.6 |
84 |
88 |
92.1 |
97 |
100.5 |
101.3 |
90 |
104.6 |
122.5 |
108 |
121.1 |
126.8 |
119.5 |
125.0 |
129.4 |
|
Manipur |
82.2 |
26 |
66 |
66 |
69.8 |
69 |
69.9 |
75.6 |
77.2 |
88.6 |
88.6 |
134.5 |
100.7 |
72.4 |
78.5 |
103.5 |
104.4 |
|
Meghalaya |
61.1 |
74.2 |
90 |
80.4 |
80.4 |
82.5 |
81.7 |
81.7 |
83.3 |
91.7 |
91.7 |
83.7 |
85 |
85.3 |
106.8 |
106.8 |
86.0 |
|
Kerala |
6.1 |
46.3 |
46.7 |
46.7 |
57.3 |
73.7 |
68.3 |
68.3 |
83.9 |
95 |
101.9 |
109.3 |
102.4 |
102.4 |
102.4 |
80.8 |
85.5 |
|
Nagaland |
1.7 |
12.4 |
59.2 |
63.7 |
60 |
71.1 |
82.9 |
83.2 |
24.8 |
24.8 |
24.8 |
24.8 |
- |
- |
57.5 |
57.5 |
57.5 |
|
Arunachal Pradesh |
5.9 |
12.9 |
29.4 |
29.4 |
30.2 |
32 |
32 |
# |
33.9 |
35.6 |
36.3 |
37 |
37.8 |
37.8 |
- |
0.0 |
34.4 |
|
Goa |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5.6 |
44.5 |
- |
|
Odisha |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8.0 |
9.0 |
- |
|
Mizoram |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.4 |
2.8 |
- |
|
Tamil Nadu |
- |
# |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
# |
38.4 |
23.1 |
14.7 |
21.7 |
23.4 |
22.752 |
24.8 |
31.0 |
- |
|
Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.1 |
1.1 |
- |
|
Others |
163.5 |
168.7 |
104.9 |
98.8 |
123.7 |
112.1 |
290.2 |
66.3 |
17.9 |
17.8 |
15.5 |
18.9 |
21.5 |
36.6 |
41.9 |
44.8 |
54.5 |
|
India |
578 |
768.5 |
924.6 |
937.1 |
1006.4 |
1025.4 |
1221.1 |
1182.3 |
1171.7 |
1234.2 |
1278.9 |
1353.1 |
1362.1 |
1244.6 |
1340.8 |
1386.8 |
1415.4 |
|
Selected State-wise Productivity of Pineapple in India |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
States |
87-88 |
91-92 |
96-97 |
97-98 |
98-99 |
99-00 |
00-01 |
01-02 |
02-03 |
03-04 |
04-05 |
05-06 |
06-07 |
07-08 |
08-09 |
09-10 |
10-11 |
|
West Bengal |
18.5 |
23.7 |
26 |
26.8 |
29.6 |
27.2 |
26.9 |
28 |
28.8 |
27.4 |
27.2 |
28.3 |
27.8 |
29.7 |
29.7 |
30.5 |
30.6 |
|
Assam |
10 |
14.7 |
14.8 |
15.4 |
15.4 |
15.1 |
15.4 |
15.6 |
15.3 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
16.5 |
15.5 |
15.4 |
17.5 |
15.7 |
15.8 |
|
Karnataka |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
40 |
40.4 |
49.3 |
51.8 |
8.4 |
59.9 |
61.7 |
61.7 |
63.3 |
62.0 |
|
Tripura |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
22.3 |
22.3 |
22.8 |
21.1 |
20.5 |
18.7 |
18.6 |
16.1 |
17.3 |
22.6 |
|
Bihar |
14.9 |
15.2 |
25.5 |
26.7 |
24.9 |
24.9 |
25.1 |
25 |
22.1 |
24.9 |
29.1 |
25.5 |
27.2 |
27.6 |
25.5 |
26.4 |
26.5 |
|
Manipur |
12.5 |
4.0 |
6.9 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
7.0 |
7.3 |
7.3 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
52.1 |
8.4 |
8.5 |
9.1 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
|
Meghalaya |
7.7 |
8.7 |
10 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.8 |
8.9 |
8.8 |
8.9 |
9.7 |
9.7 |
8.8 |
8.9 |
8.9 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
8.9 |
|
Kerala |
- |
9.9 |
9.3 |
9.3 |
6.7 |
8.2 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
7.5 |
8.3 |
8 |
8.6 |
8.2 |
8.2 |
8.2 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
|
Nagaland |
- |
12.4 |
28.2 |
27.7 |
33.3 |
28.4 |
28.6 |
28.2 |
28.8 |
12.4 |
12.4 |
12.4 |
- |
4.5 |
15.5 |
10.0 |
15.5 |
|
Arunachal Pradesh |
5.4 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
# |
4.4 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
4.6 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
|
Tamil Nadu |
- |
# |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
# |
30.9 |
33 |
32.9 |
33.2 |
33.2 |
33.1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Others
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8.1 |
6.9 |
9.7 |
5.8 |
19.1 |
17.3 |
20.6 |
15.6 |
|
India |
12.6 |
13.5 |
13.5 |
13.5 |
13.6 |
13.6 |
15.6 |
15.3 |
14.7 |
- |
- |
- |
15.8 |
15.5 |
16.0 |
15.1 |
15.9 |
|
District |
2008-09 |
2009-10 |
2010-11 |
2011-12 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
|
Thiruvananthapuram |
313 |
2074 |
6.63 |
195 |
1313 |
6.73 |
201 |
1348 |
6.71 |
199 |
1427 |
7.17 |
|
Kollam |
198 |
1437 |
7.26 |
176 |
1187 |
6.74 |
171 |
1077 |
6.30 |
180 |
1297 |
7.21 |
|
Pathanamthitta |
155 |
948 |
6.12 |
150 |
1014 |
6.76 |
165 |
1221 |
7.40 |
197 |
1440 |
7.31 |
|
Alappuzha |
85 |
491 |
5.78 |
86 |
476 |
5.53 |
80 |
502 |
6.28 |
80 |
459 |
5.74 |
|
Kottayam |
1689 |
9769 |
5.78 |
1286 |
7064 |
5.49 |
1286 |
7879 |
6.13 |
1134 |
8439 |
7.44 |
|
Idukki |
1008 |
8917 |
8.85 |
1076 |
8224 |
7.64 |
892 |
8270 |
9.27 |
858 |
6730 |
7.84 |
|
Ernakulam |
6108 |
59864 |
9.80 |
6020 |
57464 |
9.55 |
6607 |
60634 |
9.18 |
5563 |
57606 |
10.36 |
|
Thrissur |
81 |
521 |
6.43 |
56 |
362 |
6.46 |
49 |
324 |
6.61 |
58 |
535 |
9.22 |
|
Palakkad |
102 |
498 |
4.88 |
123 |
548 |
4.46 |
174 |
830 |
4.77 |
78 |
328 |
4.21 |
|
Malappuram |
165 |
700 |
4.24 |
160 |
687 |
4.29 |
191 |
1139 |
5.96 |
155 |
1631 |
10.52 |
|
Kozhikode |
199 |
969 |
4.87 |
192 |
957 |
4.98 |
177 |
1040 |
5.88 |
197 |
1042 |
5.29 |
|
Wayanad |
54 |
229 |
4.24 |
35 |
118 |
3.37 |
32 |
147 |
4.59 |
25 |
122 |
4.88 |
|
Kannur |
166 |
971 |
5.85 |
220 |
1107 |
5.03 |
132 |
753 |
5.70 |
125 |
756 |
6.05 |
|
Kasaragod |
84 |
494 |
5.88 |
52 |
256 |
4.92 |
59 |
362 |
6.14 |
83 |
524 |
6.31 |
|
Kerala Total |
10407 |
87882 |
8.44 |
9827 |
80777 |
8.22 |
10216 |
85526 |
8.37 |
8932 |
82336 |
9.22 |
|
DISTRICT |
2012-13 |
2013-14 |
2014-15 |
2015-16 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
Area |
Prodn |
Prodty |
|
Thiruvananthapuram |
184 |
1306 |
7.098 |
191 |
1399 |
7.325 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kollam |
168 |
1019 |
6.065 |
108 |
668 |
6.185 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pathanamthitta |
168 |
1294 |
7.702 |
163 |
1204 |
7.387 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alappuzha |
81 |
569 |
7.025 |
73 |
439 |
6.014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kottayam |
1107 |
7626 |
6.889 |
1032 |
7255 |
7.030 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Idukki |
838 |
6879 |
8.209 |
864 |
7609 |
8.807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ernakulam |
5413 |
50704 |
9.367 |
5001 |
53721 |
10.742 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thrissur |
41 |
305 |
7.439 |
73 |
544 |
7.452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Palakkad |
84 |
423 |
5.036 |
82 |
403 |
4.915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malappuram |
115 |
710 |
6.174 |
105 |
635 |
6.048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kozhikode |
144 |
834 |
5.792 |
137 |
669 |
4.883 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wayanad |
32 |
139 |
4.344 |
33 |
138 |
4.182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kannur |
113 |
737 |
6.522 |
95 |
567 |
5.968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kasaragod |
52 |
310 |
5.962 |
45 |
311 |
6.911 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kerala Total |
8540 |
72855 |
8.531 |
8002 |
75562 |
9.443 |
|
|
|
|
|
|